Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve - The function of directional control valves is to be able to direct the fluid to the desired actuator. Generally, these control valves consist of a spool situated in a housing made either of cast iron or steel. The spool slides to different positions inside the housing. Intersecting grooves and channels route the fluid based on the spool's position.

The spool has a central or neutral position that is maintained with springs. In this location, the supply fluid is blocked or returned to the tank. When the spool is slid to a side, the hydraulic fluid is directed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. When the spool is transferred to the other direction, the return and supply paths are switched. Once the spool is enabled to return to the neutral or center location, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into place.

Normally, directional control valves are built to be able to be stackable. They generally have a valve for every hydraulic cylinder and one fluid input that supplies all the valves in the stack.

Tolerances are maintained really tightly, so as to tackle the higher pressures and in order to prevent leaking. The spools will often have a clearance inside the housing no less than 25 µm or a thousandth of an inch. So as to avoid jamming the valve's extremely sensitive components and distorting the valve, the valve block will be mounted to the machine' frame with a 3-point pattern.

Solenoids, a hydraulic pilot pressure or mechanical levers may actuate or push the spool left or right. A seal allows a portion of the spool to protrude outside the housing where it is accessible to the actuator.

The main valve block is usually a stack of off the shelf directional control valves chosen by flow performance and capacity. Several valves are designed to be on-off, while others are designed to be proportional, as in valve position to flow rate proportional. The control valve is among the most pricey and sensitive parts of a hydraulic circuit.

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